What does "insertion" mean in the context of a running record?

In the context of a running record, "insertion" refers specifically to the scenario where a student adds an extra word to their reading that does not appear in the text. This action illustrates a divergence from the original wording and can indicate a reader's attempt to make sense of the text or to engage with it in a way that is personal to their comprehension strategies.

By understanding that insertion highlights the reader's interaction with the text, educators can analyze the student's reading behaviors, including their comprehension skills, fluency, and areas that may require further support. For instance, if a child frequently inserts words, it may suggest they are trying to integrate their prior knowledge or anticipate meaning, which can be a valuable insight into their reading process.