What does fluency in reading entail?

Fluency in reading involves the ability to read text smoothly and with appropriate expression, which encompasses several key components such as rate, automaticity, phrasing, and expression.

Rate refers to the speed of reading, while automaticity indicates the ability to recognize words quickly without having to sound them out, allowing the reader to focus on comprehension rather than decoding each word. Phrasing relates to grouping words in a way that reflects the natural flow and meaning of the text, making it easier for the reader to convey intent and emotion through their voice. Expression adds to this by incorporating the appropriate tone and inflection, which enhances the overall understanding and engagement with the text.

Other options focus either on memorization (which does not support comprehension) or on isolated aspects of reading that don’t capture the full picture of fluency. For instance, while understanding context and correct pronunciation are important, they alone do not fully define fluency as it ties together all elements of reading that allow a reader to engage effectively and meaningfully with the text.