What does a 'symbol' represent in literature?

In literature, a symbol serves as a representation of deeper meanings, often standing for an idea or concept beyond its literal existence. This can include emotions, themes, or moral truths that the author wants to convey to the reader. For instance, a dove might symbolize peace, while a storm could represent turmoil or conflict. By using symbols, writers enrich their narratives and provide layers of significance that invite readers to look beyond the surface.

The other options reflect misunderstandings of what a symbol is. While characters can be represented uniquely through specific traits or actions, these do not encapsulate the essence of a symbol in literature. A literal description of events does not carry the abstract connection that a symbol does. Similarly, an abstract notion without physical representation lacks the tangible aspect that symbols often have—they are usually concrete items that signify something greater.