How does a reader utilize graphophonic knowledge?

Graphophonic knowledge refers to a reader's understanding of the relationships between letters and sounds in written language. This knowledge allows readers to decode words by connecting letters (or graphemes) with the sounds (or phonemes) they represent. For example, when a reader encounters a word, they can use their understanding of the letters and their associated sounds to pronounce the word correctly or to sound out unfamiliar words.

In option B, the emphasis is specifically on the relationship between letters and sounds, which is the essence of graphophonic knowledge. This skill is crucial in developing reading proficiency, as it aids not only in pronunciation but also in understanding how to segment and blend sounds for effective reading.

The other options, while important in the broader context of reading comprehension and literature analysis, do not directly relate to graphophonic knowledge. Understanding biases, analyzing cultural references, and remembering story plotlines involve higher-level comprehension skills that go beyond the foundational decoding skills associated with graphophonics.